Knowing singular and plural and forming the noun singular to plural has always been a concern to structuring the sentence correctly. Hence, it becomes imperative to understand nouns and numbers. (noun and number)
Therefore, here I shall be shedding the light on this subject explicitly.
Compound noun (noun and number)
Compound nouns are pluralized by adding s with the main word.
| Singular | Plural |
| Brother-in-law | Brothers-in-law |
| Bed-room | Bed-rooms |
| Commander-in-chief | Commanders-in-chief |
| Step-daughter | Step-daughters |
| Maid-servant | Maid-servants |
| Member of parliament | Member of parliaments |
Some words are both sides pluralizes (noun and number)
| Singular | Plural |
| Manservant | Menservants |
| Woman conductor | Women conductors |
| Knight Templar | Knights Templars |
| Lord justice | Lord justice |
There are twelve nouns, ending in f or Fe, which drop the F or FE and add VES.
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
| Calf | Calves | Life | Lives |
| Half | Halves | Leaf | Leaves |
| Wife | Wives | Self | Selves |
| Thief | Thieve | Knife | Knives |
| Wolf | Wolves | Shelf | Shelves |
| Loaf | Loaves | Sheaf | Sheaves |
Exception, ending in f or fe pluralized adding s. (noun and number)
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
| Belief | Beliefs | Proof | Proofs |
| Chief | Chiefs | Roof | Roofs |
| Aliff | Cliffs | Safe | Safes |
Some Latin words ending in us are pluralized by changing us to i. (noun and number)
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
| Radius | Radii | Locus | Loci |
| Focus | Foci | Syllabus | Syllabi |
| Genius | Geni |
Some Greek words ending in on are pluralized by changing on to a.
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
| Phenomenon | Phenomena | Criterion | Criteria |
Some Greek words ending in is are pluralized by changing is to es.
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
| Analysis | Analyses | Basis | Bases |
| Crisis | Crises | Thesis | Theses |
| Hypothesis | Hypotheses | Parenthesis | Parentheses |
Following eight nouns are pluralized by changing inside vowels in them.
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
| Man | Men | Mouse | Mice |
| Woman | Women | Louse | Lice |
| Foot | Feet | Goose | Geese |
| Tooth | Teeth | Dormouse | Dormice |
Some nouns have two plurals with different meanings.
| Singular | Plural |
| Brother | Brothers (Sons of the same parents) |
| Brother | Brethren (Members of a society or community) |
| Cloth | Cloths (Unstitched cloth) |
| Cloth | Clothes (Stiched clothes-garments) |
| Die | Die (Stamps used for printing or coining) |
| Dice (Small cubes used in games) | |
| Index | Indexes (Tables of contents in a book) |
| Indices (Signs used in algebra) |
Some Latin words ending in um are pluralized by dropping um and adding a.
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
| Addendum | Addenda | Ovum | Ova |
| Agendum | Agenda | Memorandum | Memoranda |
| Datum | Data | Erratum | Errata |
| Dictum | Dicta | Stratum | Strata |
Some Latin words which are pluralized by adding s only.
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
| Asylum | Asylums | Forum | Forums |
| Museum | Museums | Pendulum | Pendulums |
| Petroleum | Petroleums | Formula | Formulae or Formulas |
Nouns with one meaning in singular and another meaning in plural.
| Singular | Plural |
| Good (अच्छा-Pleasant) | Goods (सामान-Items for sale) |
| Mark (निशान-A small area on the surface of something that is damaged, dirty) | Marks (अंक-Point, Figure, numbers) |
| Right (सही-Correct) | Rights (अधिकार-The legal authority) |
| Beside (बगल में-At the side of, next to) | Besides (के अलावा-In addition to) |
| After (के बाद में-Following in time) | Afters (Dessert-Sweet food eaten at the end of a meal) |
| Green (हरा/अनुभवहीन-Color name/Inexperience) | Greens (हरी सब्ज़ियां-Vegetables) |
| Manner (तौर – तरीका- The way in which something is done) | Manners (शिष्टाचार-Ways of behaving) |
| New (नया-Recently created) | News (समाचार-information) |
| Air (हवा) | Airs (अकड़-(swagger) to walk or behave in a way that shows that you are very confident and think that you are important |
| Color (रंग-APPEARANCE) | Colors (the official flag of a country, ship, or military group) |
| Glass (कांच- A hard, transparent material) | Glasses (चश्मा- A pair of glasses) |
| Water (पानी-A clear liquid, without color or taste) | Waters (sea) |
| Sand (रेत-a substance that consists of very small grains of rock, found on beaches and in deserts) | Sands (रेगिस्तान-Desert) |
| Wood (लकड़ी-A hard substance that forms the branches and trunks of trees) | Woods (Forest) |
| Iron (लोहा-hard metal) | Irons (हथकड़ी-handcuffs) |
| Fruit (Fruit) | Fruits (rewards/result) |
| Paper (कागज़-thin, flat material made from crushed wood or cloth, used for writing, printing, or drawing on) | Papers (दस्तावेज़-Official documents) |
| Force (बल-Physical, strength, or power) | Forces (सेना-Police forces) |
| Arm (बांह-Body part) | Arms (हथियारों-Weapons) |
| Quarter (1/4) | Quarters (आवास-residence) |
| Time (समय-minutes, days, years, etc.) | Times (बार-Repetition) |
| Work (काम-An activity, such as a job) | Works (रचनाएँ-Something that a person has created or written) |
| Custom (रीति-A belief that has been established for a long time) | Customs (Tax -money paid to the government when you take particular goods from one country to another) |
| Rich (धनी-having a lot of money or valuable possessions) | Riches (धन-a large amount of money or valuable possessions) |